The Gutenberg Press | 1450 AD

What is Johannes Gutenberg credited with?
   He was credited with the invention of the printing press.






How did the printing press work? 
   Ink was placed in moveable type letters that were placed in a wooden box. The ink covered letters were then pressed onto  sheets of paper.

What motivated Gutenberg to find a better way of creating books?
   Watching his family work on goldsmiths and jewelers.

Why did Gutenberg experiment with metal type versus wood type?   Wood press was chipped a lot and had to be replaced after each use.





















What is moveable type?
   System of printing that uses moveable component to remake the letters of the document.

What is a matrix?
   A inclosed space used to create the letters multiple times.
What ink did Gutenberg develop that he used specifically for the printing press?
   Oil based ink. Made with oily, varnish like ink made with soot, turpentine, and walnut oil.
What is paper made from? Where did paper originate?
   It is made from wood pulp. In China.




What is a "substrate"?
   A surface or layer that underlies something.
Who did Gutenberg seek to help with the invention of the press? Close to the end of the 5 years, what happened?    He sought out John Fust. Fust sued Gutenberg for the money.

What was the first book he printed?
   The first book printed was a two-volume Bible.

How did the Gutenberg Press impact communication?
   Perfected script, books were made more rapidly, and current information could be shared locally around the world.

Who introduced the printing press to England?
   William Caxton.
What was the early form of newspapers?
   Trade newsletters.
When was the first news weekly published? What was it called?
   1704 it was called the Boston Letter.
What kind of press was built in the US in the mid 1800s?

   Lord Stanhope had built the first cast iron press.
   

By the late 1930s, presses had increased in efficiency and were capable of 2,500 to 3,500 impressions per hour. What is meant by "impression"?
  How many pages could be created.
Which printing process is the Gutenberg press an example of? Briefly describe the process?

   Relief Printing. Moveable type was placed onto the press. Ink is placed on the type and the paper is placed on top. The press applies the direct pressure to transfer the ink.









What is intaglio printing and how is ink transferred? 
   This is printmaking. Images are etched into the plate surface to hold the ink. Ink is applied and a clot is used to remove excess ink. Damp paper is placed on top and is pressed down.

What is porous printing and how is ink transferred?   Porous is a basic stencil process. A image carrier is attached to a screen. Ink is forced through open mesh areas.


















What is lithography and how is ink transferred?
   Lithography is printing from a flat surface. Drawings are made on the plate with greasy ink or crayon Water is then applied. When ink is spread on top, the greasy pats accept the ink: the wet part do not.






















What variation of lithography is used by the commercial printing industry today?
   Offset Lithography.
How do printing presses used today compare to the Gutenberg Press?
   The concept of using etched letters from metal are still used and ink is still used.

Describe four-color process printing using CMYK?

This uses the colors cyan, magenta, yellow, and black.