Podcast #4 Typography

Define typography?
   The art of expressing ides through the selection of appropriate typefaces.
Where did the word "typography" originate from?
    Greek word for from and writing.
What does typography involve?
   Using words to create a illusion is a piece of work. Size, line spacing, fonts, and spacing between letters.
What is a typeface?
   Distinctive designs of visual symbols that are used to compose a printed image/design.
What is another term for typeface?
   Fonts
What is a character?
   Individual symbols that make of a typeface.
What is type style?
   Modifications in a type face that create a design variety while maintaining the visual style of the typeface.
What does type style "create" within a design?
    Variety or styles to use.
What is the waist line and what does it indicate?
   An imaginary line drawn at the middle of the characters.
What is a base line and what does it indicate?
   An imaginary line drawn at the bottom of the characters.
What is an ascender?
   The part of the character that extends above the waist line.
What is a descender?
   The part of the character that extends below the base line.
Describe a serif?
   A line used to put a finishing touch at the top or bottom of a character.
How can the size of the typeface be identified?
   By looking at the point size.
What is a point?
   The vertical measurement used to identify the size of a typeface. It measures from the top of the ascender to the bottom of the descender.
How many points are in an inch?
   72
What is a pica and how many are in an inch?
    6 picas are in a inch.
How many points are in a pica?
   12 points.
What is body type and where can it be found?
   Type sizes that range from 4pt through 12pt type. These sizes are found in places where there is a lot of text to be read.
What is the key to selecting appropriate typefaces to be used as body type?
   Readability
What is display type and how is it used?
   Type sizes above 12pt. Used to draw attention to a message.
What is reverse type and when would it be used?
   Consists of white type on a solid black or darker color background.
What is a typeface classification?
   A basic system for classifying typefaces.
When was Blackletter invented and how was it used?
   It was created in the mid 1400s. It was used for the printing press.
Describer the characteristics of a Blackletter typeface?
   Resemble calligraphy and highly ornamental with thick and thin strokes.
When was Old Style invented and what was is based on?
  Also created in the 15th 16th century. Used for the printing press.
Describe the characteristics of an Old Style typeface?
   Based on Roman inscriptions. Have wedge shaped, angled serifs and a low contrast of their thick/thin strokes.
When were formal scripts developed?
   17th and 18th century.
When were casual scripts developed?
   20th century.
Describe the characteristics of a Script typeface?
   Forms made with flexible brushes or pens and have varied strokes reminiscent of handwriting.
When was Modern typefaces developed and why?
   Late 18 and 19th centuries. A radical break from traditional typography of the time.
Describe the characteristics of a Modern typeface?
   Have sharp contrast between thick and thin strokes and have thin flat serifs.
How early can Sans Serif typefaces be found? What happened?
   the 5th century.
When did they become popular?
   in the 1920s.
What does "sans serif" mean?
   Without serifs.
Describe the characteristics of a Sans Serif typeface?
   Its strokes are uniform in weight and have a monotone appearance.
When was Slab Serif developed and why?
   In the 19th century for advertising appearance.
Describe the characteristics of a Slab Serif typeface?
   It has a uniform line weight and thicker, square serifs.
Describe Decorative typefaces?
   A variety of typefaces and typically those that do not belong together.
Why were they developed?
   To look flashy.
What are they best used for?
   Larger point sizes.

Review Week 14

1. Nihon Kogakuin- Hokkaido, Japan  Graphic Major- Animes Manga
        Bachelors degree in his or her country. Person who has passed Class 1 or 2 of Japanese Language              Proficiency Test. Person who scored 200 points or more on EJU Test for Japanese.


2. Academy of Art University- San Francisco, California  Graphic Major- Typography Branding
        High School Graduate


3.Brenau University- Gainesville, Ga  Graphic Major- Fine Arts and Humanity
        Sat and Act standardized score ( if less than 30 hours of college credits)


4. Briar Cliff University- Sioux City, IA Graphics major- graphic design
        Highschool Transcript, standardized test scores, high school GPA


5. Drexel University- Philidelphia. Pa Graphics Major- Technical and Commercial Concepts
        Highschool Transcript, standardized test scores, high school GPA, and recommendation 






What is a Portfolio?
   A portfolio is a record of all your works. 


Why is the importance of a portfolio?


   The importance of a portfolio is to show the progress of your work over the years you have been working.

Review Week 13

 Variety- This principle shows a difference in many objects or elements.

Proportion/Scale- The beams gradually start t get smaller as you look further back. The scale changes as the angle is increased.

Repetition- The same gray ball is used many times in this piece.

Rhythm- This frame-by-frame picture shows a movement of pictures to guide your eyes.

Emphasis- This picture makes you focus on the E since it is enlarged. The focus of the picture is changed.

Unity- This photomosaic picture unites all of the smaller pictures to create th wolf.

Balance- The equilibrium of this picture is showing the balance between Yin and Yang.

Contrast- The contrast is obvious. The upper body of the man and the coke is colored in while the other parts are green and outlined.
































How do you add a layer mask to a particular layer?
   In the layers column click the add vector mask button next to the new layer button.
What two colors are used to create the mask?
   The two colors used are black and white.
Describe the process of using a layer mask?

   The layer mask add a layer over a current layer to erase parts of it while still keeping. The black color hides the picture to show the background. The white color brings the hidden picture back in case you made a mistake.

Steven Kroninger

What kind of art/design does he produce?   He produces artwork by using a lot of other pieces cut out and pasted together.
In what publications/media studios has his work been featured?
   He has been featured in Time Magazine and other countries like Asia, Latin America and Europe.


Post 2 samples of his art. Answer the following questions for each piece...

Was this piece published? Where?
   1.Yes in New York 2. Yes in New York
What principles of design were utilized within the piece? How?   1.Proportion/Scale because the sizes of each piece are vastly different.
   2.Variety, Unity, and Emphasis are used to sell the picture. The Emphasis focuses the picture on McCain but Unity makes you look at the picture as a whole. 
What elements of design were utilized?


   1.Shape is a element used in this piece.
   2.Color line shape and texture were all used in this piece.

Review Week 12

How can you, as the designer, use principles of design to help compose a page?
   Adding all of the principles can help the page stand out to catch people's attention rather than making them bored with something bland.

What are the principles of design (define each in your own words)?
   Repetition- Repeating the same element or object in a piece of work.
   Proportion/Scale- The similarity of size of all the objects in a piece of work.
   Emphasis- Putting all of the focus of artwork into one object or set of objects.
   Unity- Combining the whole artwork to work together equally.
   Variety- Using many different objects in artwork.
   Rhythm- A rhythm of artwork continuing throughout it.

Podcast #3 Principles of Design.

Define principles of design?
   Concepts used to arrange the structural elements of a composition.
What do the principles of design affect?
   The Expressive content, or the message of the work.
What is the principle of repetition?
   Repeating some aspect of a design.
Describe ways that the principle of repetition helps the composition/audience?
   Acts as a visual key that ties your piece together. Also controls the readers eye.
What are ways that you can incorporate repetition into your designs?
   Patterns. Bold Font. Color. Design element. Spacial Elements.
What should you avoid when working with repetition?
   Not to repeat too much or it becomes annoying.
What is the principle of proportion/scale?
   Relative size and scale of the various elements in a design.
What is the most universal standard of measure when judging size?
   It is the human body.
How can the principle of proportion/scale be used as an attention getter?
   Using a unusual or unexpected scale to catch the eye.
What is the principle of balance?
   Distribution of heavy and light elements on the page.
Which kinds of elements/shapes visually weigh heavier/greater?
   Size, shape, and tone.
What is another name for symmetrical balance?
   Formal Balance
Define symmetrical balance?
   Weight of a composition is evenly distributed around a center spot, horizontally or vertically.
What is another name for asymmetrical balance?
   Informal Balance
Define asymmetrical balance?
   Weight of a composition is not evenly balanced.
What is the principle of emphasis?
   Stressing a particular area of focus rather than the maze of detail.
What happens to a design that has no focus?
   Nothing stands out.
What is a focal point and how is it created?
   The area where the eye tends to go first.
How many components of a composition can be a focal point?
   Only one.
What ways can emphasis be created in a design?
   Contrasting the primary element
What is the principle of unity?
   The wholeness of the composition.
What three ways can unity be obtained?
1.Put objects close to another.

2.Make things similar. Color Shapes Texture

3.Direct vision by a line that travels around the design.

What is the principle of variety?
   Pertains to the diversity of objects.
What ways can a designer add variety to a design?
   Different colors, shapes, textures.
Why is it important to find the right balance between unity and variety?
   To have a successful, effective design.
What is figure?
   The eye differentiates an object from its surrounding area.
What is another name for figure?
   Positive Shape
What is ground?
   The surrounding area around a figure.
What is another name for ground?
   Negative Space
When a composition is abstract (has no recognizable subject) what will the figure depend on? What does that mean?
   The background.
Why must a designer consider the composition as a whole?
   The design would seem incomplete.
What is the principle of rhythm?
   Continuity, recurrence, or organized movement in space and time.
How is rhythm achieved?
   Achieved through orderly repetition of any element, line, shape, value, tone, and texture.
What three ways can rhythm occur in a design?
1.Intervals are similar in size.

2.Organic flowing, sense of moving.

3.A sequence of shapes through a progression of steps.

How does rhythm help a composition/design?
   Move the viewers eye through a layout.
What is the principle of contrast?
   Two related elements are different.
How can contrast help a design?
   Draw the viewers eyes into the piece and guide you through it.
What is wrong with having too much or too little contrast in a design?
   Too much becomes monotonous and boring. Too little can be confusing.
What is the key to working with contrast?
   Is to make sure the different in objects are obvious.
What are some common ways of creating contrast?

Size value, color, type, shape, texture, alignment, direction, and movement.